Non-owning string view class for C-style strings. More...

Public Member Functions
constexpr	CStringView () noexcept
	Default constructor.
constexpr	CStringView (const CStringView &string) noexcept=default
	Constructs a copy of string view.
constexpr	explicit (false) CStringView(const char *string) noexcept
	Constructs a string view from a C string.
constexpr	~CStringView () noexcept=default
	Destructor for the string view.
constexpr CStringView &	operator= (const CStringView &string) noexcept=default
	Copy assigns other string view to this string view.
constexpr CStringView &	operator= (const char *string) noexcept
	Copy assigns the C string to this string view.
constexpr CStringView &	assign (const CStringView &string) noexcept
	Copy assigns other string view to this string view.
constexpr CStringView &	assign (const char *string) noexcept
	Copy assigns the C string to this string view.
constexpr const char &	at (size_t offset) const noexcept
	Access a character in the string view at a given offset.
constexpr const char &	operator[] (size_t offset) const noexcept
	Access a character in the string view at a given offset.
constexpr const char &	front () const noexcept
	Returns a const reference to the first character of the string view.
constexpr const char &	back () const noexcept
	Returns a const reference to the last character of the string view.
constexpr const char *	data () const noexcept
	Returns a constant pointer to the data of the string view.
constexpr const char *	c_str () const noexcept
	Returns a constant pointer to the C string representation of this string view.
constexpr bool	empty () const noexcept
	Checks if the string view is empty.
constexpr size_t	size () const noexcept
	Returns the size of the string view.
size_t	utf8_size () const noexcept
	Returns the size of the Unicode string in UTF-8 encoding.
constexpr size_t	length () const noexcept
	Returns the size of the string view.
constexpr size_t	max_size () const noexcept
	Returns the maximum observable size of this string view.
constexpr size_t	capacity () const noexcept
	Returns the capacity of the string view.
constexpr void	clear () noexcept
	Clears the contents by detaching from the current C string.
constexpr void	swap (CStringView &string) noexcept
	Swaps the contents of this string view with another string view.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr size_t	find (const stringType &string, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of a toy::StringLike object in the string view.
constexpr size_t	find (const char *string, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of the C string in the string view.
constexpr size_t	find (char character, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of a character in the string view.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr size_t	rfind (const stringType &string, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of a toy::StringLike object in the string view.
constexpr size_t	rfind (const char *string, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of the C string in the string view.
constexpr size_t	rfind (char character, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of a character in the string view.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr size_t	find_first_of (const stringType &string, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object.
constexpr size_t	find_first_of (const char *string, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of any character from the C string.
constexpr size_t	find_first_of (char character, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of the specified character.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr size_t	find_first_not_of (const stringType &string, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of any character not from a toy::StringLike object.
constexpr size_t	find_first_not_of (const char *string, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of any character not from the C string.
constexpr size_t	find_first_not_of (char character, size_t position=0) const noexcept
	Finds the first occurrence of any character not equal to the specified character.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr size_t	find_last_of (const stringType &string, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object.
constexpr size_t	find_last_of (const char *string, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of any character from the C string.
constexpr size_t	find_last_of (char character, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of the specified character.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr size_t	find_last_not_of (const stringType &string, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of any character not from a toy::StringLike object.
constexpr size_t	find_last_not_of (const char *string, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of any character not from the C string.
constexpr size_t	find_last_not_of (char character, size_t position=npos) const noexcept
	Finds the last occurrence of any character not equal to the specified character.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr int	compare (const stringType &string) const noexcept
	Compares this string view with a toy::StringLike object lexicographically.
constexpr int	compare (const char *string) const noexcept
	Compares this string view with the C string lexicographically.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr bool	starts_with (const stringType &string) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view starts with a toy::StringLike object.
constexpr bool	starts_with (const char *string) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view starts with the specified C string.
constexpr bool	starts_with (char character) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view starts with the specified character.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr bool	ends_with (const stringType &string) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view ends with a toy::StringLike object.
constexpr bool	ends_with (const char *string) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view ends with the C string.
constexpr bool	ends_with (char character) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view ends with the specified character.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr bool	contains (const stringType &string) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view contains a toy::StringLike object.
constexpr bool	contains (const char *string) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view contains the C string.
constexpr bool	contains (char character) const noexcept
	Checks if the string view contains the specified character.

Static Public Attributes
static constexpr size_t	npos = size_t(-1)
	The special value, its exact meaning depends on the context.

Private Member Functions
constexpr size_t	_find_raw (size_t position, const char *data, size_t dataSize) const noexcept
	Helper method for finding data in the string view.
constexpr size_t	_rfind_raw (size_t position, const char *data, size_t dataSize) const noexcept
	Helper method for finding data in the string view backwards.
constexpr size_t	_find_first_of_raw (size_t position, const char *data, size_t dataSize) const noexcept
	Helper method for finding the first occurrence of any character from data.
constexpr size_t	_find_first_not_of_raw (size_t position, const char *data, size_t dataSize) const noexcept
	Helper method for finding the first occurrence of any character not from data.
constexpr size_t	_find_last_of_raw (size_t position, const char *data, size_t dataSize) const noexcept
	Helper method for finding the last occurrence of any character from data.
constexpr size_t	_find_last_not_of_raw (size_t position, const char *data, size_t dataSize) const noexcept
	Helper method for finding the last occurrence of any character not from data.

Private Attributes
const char *	_data
	Pointer to the wrapped C string.

Static Private Attributes
static constexpr char	_emptyString [] {'\0'}
	Static empty C string used as default value for null pointers.

Friends
constexpr bool	operator== (const CStringView &lhs, const CStringView &rhs)
	Equality comparison operator for two CStringView objects.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr bool	operator== (const CStringView &lhs, const stringType &rhs)
	Equality comparison operator for CStringView and toy::StringLike object.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr bool	operator== (const stringType &lhs, const CStringView &rhs)
	Equality comparison operator for toy::StringLike object and CStringView.
constexpr bool	operator== (const CStringView &lhs, const char *rhs)
	Equality comparison operator for CStringView and C string.
constexpr bool	operator== (const char *lhs, const CStringView &rhs)
	Equality comparison operator for C string and CStringView.
constexpr strong_ordering	operator<=> (const CStringView &lhs, const CStringView &rhs)
	Three-way comparison operator for two CStringView objects.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr strong_ordering	operator<=> (const CStringView &lhs, const stringType &rhs)
	Three-way comparison operator for CStringView and toy::StringLike object.
template<StringLike stringType>
constexpr strong_ordering	operator<=> (const stringType &lhs, const CStringView &rhs)
	Three-way comparison operator for toy::StringLike object and CStringView.
constexpr strong_ordering	operator<=> (const CStringView &lhs, const char *rhs)
	Three-way comparison operator for CStringView and C string.
constexpr strong_ordering	operator<=> (const char *lhs, const CStringView &rhs)
	Three-way comparison operator for C string and CStringView.

Detailed Description

Non-owning string view class for C-style strings.

CStringView is a lightweight, non-owning wrapper around C-style strings that provides a safe and efficient way to work with null-terminated character arrays. It offers a std::string_view-like interface while being specifically designed for constexpr contexts and compile-time string manipulation.

Unlike std::string_view, CStringView is optimized for constexpr usage and provides additional functionality for compile-time string operations. It does not own the underlying string data and simply holds a pointer to it, making it extremely lightweight and efficient.

Key Features

⚙️ Zero Allocation: No dynamic memory allocation, only holds a pointer
🔧 ConstExpr Support: Most operations can be evaluated at compile time
🛡️ Exception Safety: All operations are noexcept
🔗 STL Compatibility: Provides std::string_view / std::string like interface
🌍 UTF-8 Support: Built-in UTF-8 character counting and manipulation
🧬 Type Safety: Uses C++20 concepts for type safety
📏 Non-owning: Does not manage memory, safe for temporary strings

Usage Example

#include "c_string_view.hpp"
 
// Create a string view from a C string
toy::CStringView str("Hello, World!");
 
// Use in constexpr context
constexpr auto greeting = toy::CStringView("Hello, World!");
constexpr auto world = toy::CStringView("World");
constexpr auto position = greeting.find(world);
 
// Safe string operations
if (str.starts_with("Hello")) {
  // Process the string
}

Performance Characteristics

⚙️ Construction: O(1) - just stores a pointer
📝 Assignment: O(1) - just copies a pointer
📏 Size/Length: O(n) - requires traversing the string to find the null terminator
🔍 Search Operations: O(n*m) where n is the string length and m is the pattern length
💾 Memory Usage: Minimal - only stores a single pointer
⚡ Cache Performance: Excellent due to pointer-only storage
📋 Copy Performance: Extremely fast - just pointer copy
🎯 String Operations: Optimized for common cases

Safety Guarantees

🛡️ Contracts & Debug Checks: Bounds are asserted in debug; in production, violating preconditions is UB
🔒 Null Pointer Safety: All C-string operations validate pointers via assertions in debug
📐 Type Safety: Concepts prevent invalid usage
⚠️ Exception Safety: All operations are noexcept, no exceptions thrown
⏰ Lifetime Safety: User must ensure underlying string remains valid

Compatibility

🆕 C++23: Requires C++23 or later for full functionality
🔗 STL Integration: Compatible with STL algorithms and containers
🌐 Cross-Platform: Works on all platforms supported by the compiler
🔧 Embedded Systems: Suitable for resource-constrained environments

Warning: The underlying C string must remain valid for the lifetime of the CStringView object. CStringView does not own the string data and will not manage its lifetime.

See also: std::string_view, toy::StringLike, toy::FixedString

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ CStringView() [1/2]

toy::CStringView::CStringView ( )

constexprnoexcept

Default constructor.

Creates an empty string view that points to an empty string.

Postcondition: The string view is empty and ready for use.

◆ CStringView() [2/2]

toy::CStringView::CStringView ( const CStringView & string )

constexprdefaultnoexcept

Constructs a copy of string view.

This constructor initializes a string view by copying the C string from another string view.

Parameters

string The source string view to copy C string from.

Precondition: The source string view must be valid and properly initialized.

◆ ~CStringView()

toy::CStringView::~CStringView ( )

constexprdefaultnoexcept

Destructor for the string view.

Note: Since the CStringView does not manage dynamic memory, no special cleanup is required.

Member Function Documentation

◆ _find_first_not_of_raw()

size_t toy::CStringView::_find_first_not_of_raw	(	size_t	position,
		const char *	data,
		size_t	dataSize ) const

constexprprivatenoexcept

Helper method for finding the first occurrence of any character not from data.

This private method performs the common search logic used by all find_first_not_of methods. It searches for the first occurrence of any character that is not present in the specified data starting from the given position.

Parameters

position	The position to start searching from.
data	The data containing characters to exclude from search.
dataSize	The size of the data containing characters to exclude from search.

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of any character not from data, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.; The data must not be null.

◆ _find_first_of_raw()

size_t toy::CStringView::_find_first_of_raw	(	size_t	position,
		const char *	data,
		size_t	dataSize ) const

constexprprivatenoexcept

Helper method for finding the first occurrence of any character from data.

This private method performs the common search logic used by all find_first_of methods. It searches for the first occurrence of any character from the specified data starting from the given position.

Parameters

position	The position to start searching from.
data	The data containing characters to search for.
dataSize	The size of the data containing characters to search for.

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of any character from data, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.; The data must not be null.

◆ _find_last_not_of_raw()

size_t toy::CStringView::_find_last_not_of_raw	(	size_t	position,
		const char *	data,
		size_t	dataSize ) const

constexprprivatenoexcept

Helper method for finding the last occurrence of any character not from data.

This private method performs the common reverse search logic used by all find_last_not_of methods. It searches for the last occurrence of any character that is not present in the specified data starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.
data	The data containing characters to exclude from search.
dataSize	The size of the data containing characters to exclude from search.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of any character not from data, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.; The data must not be null.

◆ _find_last_of_raw()

size_t toy::CStringView::_find_last_of_raw	(	size_t	position,
		const char *	data,
		size_t	dataSize ) const

constexprprivatenoexcept

Helper method for finding the last occurrence of any character from data.

This private method performs the common reverse search logic used by all find_last_of methods. It searches for the last occurrence of any character from the specified data starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.
data	The data containing characters to search for.
dataSize	The size of the data containing characters to search for.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of any character from data, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.; The data must not be null.

◆ _find_raw()

size_t toy::CStringView::_find_raw	(	size_t	position,
		const char *	data,
		size_t	dataSize ) const

constexprprivatenoexcept

Helper method for finding data in the string view.

This private method performs the common search logic used by all find methods. It searches for the specified data starting from the given position.

Parameters

position	The position to start searching from.
data	The data to search for.
dataSize	The size of the data to search for.

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of data, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.; The data must not be null.

◆ _rfind_raw()

size_t toy::CStringView::_rfind_raw	(	size_t	position,
		const char *	data,
		size_t	dataSize ) const

constexprprivatenoexcept

Helper method for finding data in the string view backwards.

This private method performs the common reverse search logic used by all rfind methods. It searches for the specified data starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

position	The position to start searching from.
data	The data to search for.
dataSize	The size of the data to search for.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of data, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than or equal to the string view size.; The data must not be null.

◆ assign() [1/2]

CStringView & toy::CStringView::assign ( const char * string )

constexprnoexcept

Copy assigns the C string to this string view.

This method assigns a new C string to this string view.

Parameters

string The C string to assign.

Returns: A reference to this string view after assignment.

Precondition: The source C string must not be null.

Note: This method is equivalent to the copy assignment operator.

See also: operator=(const char * string)

◆ assign() [2/2]

CStringView & toy::CStringView::assign ( const CStringView & string )

constexprnoexcept

Copy assigns other string view to this string view.

This method assigns the C string of another string view to this string view.

Parameters

string The source string view to copy C string from.

Returns: A reference to this string view after assignment.

Note: This method is equivalent to the copy assignment operator.

See also: operator=(const CStringView & string)

◆ at()

const char & toy::CStringView::at ( size_t offset ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Access a character in the string view at a given offset.

This method provides read-only access to a character at the specified offset within the string view.

Parameters

offset The offset of the character to access in the string view.

Returns: A const reference to the character at the specified offset.

Precondition: The offset must be less than the current string view size.

Note: The returned reference is read-only and cannot modify the character.; This method is equivalent to the subscript operator.

See also: operator[](size_t offset) const

◆ back()

const char & toy::CStringView::back ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns a const reference to the last character of the string view.

This method provides read-only access to the last character of the string view.

Returns: A const reference to the last character of the string view.

Precondition: The string view must not be empty.

Note: The returned reference is read-only and cannot modify the character.

◆ c_str()

const char * toy::CStringView::c_str ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns a constant pointer to the C string representation of this string view.

This method returns a constant pointer to the C string representation of this string view. The returned pointer provides read-only access to the string view contents and can be used with C functions that require a char pointer.

Returns: A constant pointer to the C string representation of this string view.

Note: The returned pointer points to a C string.; The returned pointer is read-only and cannot modify the string view contents.; This method is equivalent to data().

See also: data()

◆ capacity()

size_t toy::CStringView::capacity ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns the capacity of the string view.

This method returns the capacity of the allocated buffer for the string view.

Returns: The capacity of the string view in characters, excluding the terminating null character.

Note: CStringView is non-owning and has no capacity; this is an alias of size().

◆ clear()

void toy::CStringView::clear ( )

constexprnoexcept

Clears the contents by detaching from the current C string.

This method resets this view to point at the internal empty sentinel. The previously referenced character buffer is not modified or freed.

Postcondition: The string view is empty (size is 0).; The string view points to an empty sentinel string.

Note: No allocation or deallocation occurs.

◆ compare() [1/2]

int toy::CStringView::compare ( const char * string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Compares this string view with the C string lexicographically.

This method performs a lexicographic comparison between this string view and the C string. The comparison is performed character by character using the character's numeric value.

Parameters

string The C string to compare with this string.

Returns: A negative value if this string view is lexicographically less than C string, zero if they are equal, or a positive value if this string view is lexicographically greater than C string.

Precondition: The C string must not be null.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; The comparison stops at the first character that differs between the strings.; If one string is a prefix of another, the shorter is considered lexicographically smaller.

◆ compare() [2/2]

template<StringLike stringType>

int toy::CStringView::compare ( const stringType & string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Compares this string view with a toy::StringLike object lexicographically.

This method performs a lexicographic comparison between this string view and a toy::StringLike object. The comparison is performed character by character using the character's numeric value.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string The toy::StringLike object to compare with this string.

Returns: A negative value if this string view is lexicographically less than a toy::StringLike object, zero if they are equal, or a positive value if this string view is lexicographically greater than a toy::StringLike object.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; The comparison stops at the first character that differs between the strings.; If one string is a prefix of another, the shorter is considered lexicographically smaller.

◆ contains() [1/3]

bool toy::CStringView::contains ( char character ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view contains the specified character.

This method checks if the current string view contains the specified character anywhere within it.

Parameters

character The character to search for within this string view.

Returns: true if this string view contains the specified character, false otherwise.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If the string view is empty, this method returns false.

◆ contains() [2/3]

bool toy::CStringView::contains ( const char * string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view contains the C string.

This method checks if the current string view contains the C string anywhere within it.

Parameters

string The C string to search for within this string.

Returns: true if this string view contains the C string, false otherwise.

Precondition: The C string must not be null.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, this method returns true.; If the C string is longer than this string view, returns false.

◆ contains() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

bool toy::CStringView::contains ( const stringType & string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view contains a toy::StringLike object.

This method checks if the current string view contains a toy::StringLike object anywhere within it.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string The toy::StringLike object to search for within this string.

Returns: true if this string view contains a toy::StringLike object, false otherwise.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, this method returns true.; If a toy::StringLike object is longer than this string view, returns false.

◆ data()

const char * toy::CStringView::data ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns a constant pointer to the data of the string view.

This method returns a constant pointer to the internal character array that stores the string view data. The returned pointer provides read-only access to the string view contents and can be used for low-level operations.

Returns: A constant pointer to the internal character array.

Note: The returned pointer points to a null-terminated character array.; The returned pointer is read-only and cannot modify the string view contents.

◆ empty()

bool toy::CStringView::empty ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view is empty.

This method checks if the string view is empty, i.e. its size is zero. An empty string view contains no characters and has a length of zero.

Returns: true if the string view is empty, false otherwise.

Note: An empty string view has size zero.; An empty string view still contains a null terminator.; This method is equivalent to the expression: size() == 0.

See also: size()

◆ ends_with() [1/3]

bool toy::CStringView::ends_with ( char character ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view ends with the specified character.

This method checks if the current string view ends with the specified character. The comparison is performed on the last character of the string view.

Parameters

character The character to check if this string view ends with.

Returns: true if this string view ends with the specified character, false otherwise.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; If the string view is empty, this method returns false.

◆ ends_with() [2/3]

bool toy::CStringView::ends_with ( const char * string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view ends with the C string.

This method checks if the current string view ends with the C string. The comparison is performed character by character from the end of the string view.

Parameters

string The C string to check if this string view ends with.

Returns: true if this string view ends with the C string, false otherwise.

Precondition: The C string must not be null.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, this method returns true.; If the C string is longer than this string view, returns false.

◆ ends_with() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

bool toy::CStringView::ends_with ( const stringType & string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view ends with a toy::StringLike object.

This method checks if the current string view ends with a toy::StringLike object. The comparison is performed character by character from the end of the string view.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string The toy::StringLike object to check if this string view ends with.

Returns: true if this string view ends with a toy::StringLike object, false otherwise.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, this method returns true.; If a toy::StringLike object is longer than this string view, returns false.

◆ explicit()

toy::CStringView::explicit ( false ) const

constexprnoexcept

Constructs a string view from a C string.

Creates a new string view that wraps the provided C string pointer.

Parameters

string The C string to wrap.

Precondition: The source C string must not be null.

◆ find() [1/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find	(	char	character,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of a character in the string view.

This method searches for the first occurrence of the specified character within this string view, starting from the given position.

Parameters

character	The character to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of the character, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.

◆ find() [2/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find	(	const char *	string,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of the C string in the string view.

This method searches for the first occurrence of the C string within this string view, starting from the given position.

Parameters

string	The source C string to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of the C string, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.; The string must not be null.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.

◆ find() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

size_t toy::CStringView::find	(	const stringType &	string,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of a toy::StringLike object in the string view.

This method searches for the first occurrence of a toy::StringLike object within this string view, starting from the given position.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string	The source toy::StringLike object to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of a toy::StringLike object, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.

◆ find_first_not_of() [1/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_first_not_of	(	char	character,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of any character not equal to the specified character.

This method searches for the first occurrence of any character that is not equal to the specified character within this string view, starting from the given position.

Parameters

character	The character to exclude from search.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of any character not equal to character, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.

◆ find_first_not_of() [2/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_first_not_of	(	const char *	string,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of any character not from the C string.

This method searches for the first occurrence of any character that is not present in the C string within this string view, starting from the given position.

Parameters

string	The C string containing characters to exclude from search.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of any character not from the C string, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string size.; The string must not be null.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, returns position if within bounds, otherwise returns npos.

◆ find_first_not_of() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

size_t toy::CStringView::find_first_not_of	(	const stringType &	string,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of any character not from a toy::StringLike object.

This method searches for the first occurrence of any character that is not present in a toy::StringLike object within this string view, starting from the given position.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string	The toy::StringLike object containing characters to exclude from search.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of any character not from a toy::StringLike object, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, returns position if within bounds, otherwise returns npos.

◆ find_first_of() [1/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_first_of	(	char	character,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of the specified character.

This method searches for the first occurrence of the specified character within this string view, starting from the given position.

Parameters

character	The character to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of the character, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; This method is equivalent to find(char, size_t) const.

See also: find(char, size_t) const

◆ find_first_of() [2/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_first_of	(	const char *	string,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of any character from the C string.

This method searches for the first occurrence of any character from the C string within this string view, starting from the given position.

Parameters

string	The C string containing characters to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of any character from the C string, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.; The string must not be null.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, this method returns npos.

◆ find_first_of() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

size_t toy::CStringView::find_first_of	(	const stringType &	string,
		size_t	position = 0 ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the first occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object.

This method searches for the first occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object within this string view, starting from the given position.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string	The toy::StringLike object containing characters to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: `0`).

Returns: The position of the first occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, this method returns npos.

◆ find_last_not_of() [1/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_last_not_of	(	char	character,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of any character not equal to the specified character.

This method searches for the last occurrence of any character that is not equal to the specified character within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

character	The character to exclude from search.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of any character not equal to character, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.

◆ find_last_not_of() [2/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_last_not_of	(	const char *	string,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of any character not from the C string.

This method searches for the last occurrence of any character that is not present in the C string within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

string	The C string containing characters to exclude from search.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of any character not from the C string, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.; The string must not be null.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, returns position if within bounds, otherwise returns npos.

◆ find_last_not_of() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

size_t toy::CStringView::find_last_not_of	(	const stringType &	string,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of any character not from a toy::StringLike object.

This method searches for the last occurrence of any character that is not present in a toy::StringLike object within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string	The toy::StringLike object containing characters to exclude from search.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of any character not from a toy::StringLike object, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, returns position if within bounds, otherwise returns npos.

◆ find_last_of() [1/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_last_of	(	char	character,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of the specified character.

This method searches for the last occurrence of the specified character within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

character	The character to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of the character, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; This method is equivalent to rfind(char, size_t) const.

See also: rfind(char, size_t) const

◆ find_last_of() [2/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::find_last_of	(	const char *	string,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of any character from the C string.

This method searches for the last occurrence of any character from the C string within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

string	The C string containing characters to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of any character from the C string, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.; The string must not be null.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, this method returns npos.

◆ find_last_of() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

size_t toy::CStringView::find_last_of	(	const stringType &	string,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object.

This method searches for the last occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string	The toy::StringLike object containing characters to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of any character from a toy::StringLike object, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, this method returns npos.

◆ front()

const char & toy::CStringView::front ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns a const reference to the first character of the string view.

This method provides read-only access to the first character of the string view.

Returns: A const reference to the first character of the string view.

Precondition: The string view must not be empty.

Note: The returned reference is read-only and cannot modify the character.

◆ length()

size_t toy::CStringView::length ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns the size of the string view.

This method returns the current number of characters in the string view, excluding the terminating null character. The length represents the actual length of the string view content.

Returns: The number of characters in the string view, excluding the terminating null character.

Note: This method is equivalent to size().

See also: size()

◆ max_size()

size_t toy::CStringView::max_size ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns the maximum observable size of this string view.

This method returns the maximum possible size for the string view. The maximum size represents the size of the allocated buffer.

Returns: The maximum number of characters in the string view, excluding the terminating null character.

Note: CStringView is non-owning and has no capacity; this is an alias of size().

◆ operator=() [1/2]

CStringView & toy::CStringView::operator= ( const char * string )

constexprnoexcept

Copy assigns the C string to this string view.

This operator assigns a new C string to this string view.

Parameters

string The C string to assign.

Returns: A reference to this string view after assignment.

Precondition: The source C string must not be null.

◆ operator=() [2/2]

CStringView & toy::CStringView::operator= ( const CStringView & string )

constexprdefaultnoexcept

Copy assigns other string view to this string view.

This operator assigns the C string of another string view to this string view.

Parameters

string The source string view to copy C string from.

Returns: A reference to this string view after assignment.

◆ operator[]()

const char & toy::CStringView::operator[] ( size_t offset ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Access a character in the string view at a given offset.

This operator provides read-only access to a character at the specified offset within the string view.

Parameters

offset The offset of the character to access in the string view.

Returns: A const reference to the character at the specified offset.

Precondition: The offset must be less than the current string view size.

Note: The returned reference is read-only and cannot modify the character.

◆ rfind() [1/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::rfind	(	char	character,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of a character in the string view.

This method searches for the last occurrence of the specified character within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

character	The character to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of the character, or npos if not found.

Precondition: The position must be less than the string view size.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.

◆ rfind() [2/3]

size_t toy::CStringView::rfind	(	const char *	string,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of the C string in the string view.

This method searches for the last occurrence of the C string within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Parameters

string	The source C string to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of the C string, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than or equal to the maximum valid start index: the string view size minus the size of the C string.; The string must not be null.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, returns position if within bounds, otherwise returns the string view size.

◆ rfind() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

size_t toy::CStringView::rfind	(	const stringType &	string,
		size_t	position = npos ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Finds the last occurrence of a toy::StringLike object in the string view.

This method searches for the last occurrence of a toy::StringLike object within this string view, starting from the given position and searching backwards.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string	The source toy::StringLike object to search for.
position	The position to start searching from (default: npos). If npos, searches from the end.

Returns: The position of the last occurrence of a toy::StringLike object, or npos if not found.

Precondition: If position is not npos, it must be less than or equal to the maximum valid start index: the string view size minus the size of a toy::StringLike object.

Note: The search is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, returns position if within bounds, otherwise returns the string view size.

◆ size()

size_t toy::CStringView::size ( ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Returns the size of the string view.

This method returns the current number of characters in the string view, excluding the terminating null character. The size represents the actual length of the string view content.

Returns: The number of characters in the string view, excluding the terminating null character.

Note: This method is equivalent to length().

See also: length()

◆ starts_with() [1/3]

bool toy::CStringView::starts_with ( char character ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view starts with the specified character.

This method checks if the current string view starts with the specified character. The comparison is performed on the first character of the string view.

Parameters

character The character to check if this string view starts with.

Returns: true if this string view starts with the specified character, false otherwise.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; If the string view is empty, this method returns false.

◆ starts_with() [2/3]

bool toy::CStringView::starts_with ( const char * string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view starts with the specified C string.

This method checks if the current string view starts with the C string. The comparison is performed character by character from the beginning of the string view.

Parameters

string The C string to check if this string starts with.

Returns: true if this string view starts with the C string, false otherwise.

Precondition: The C string must not be null.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; If the C string is empty, this method returns true.; If the C string is longer than this string view, returns false.

◆ starts_with() [3/3]

template<StringLike stringType>

bool toy::CStringView::starts_with ( const stringType & string ) const

nodiscardconstexprnoexcept

Checks if the string view starts with a toy::StringLike object.

This method checks if the current string view starts with a toy::StringLike object. The comparison is performed character by character from the beginning of the string view.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the source string. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

string The toy::StringLike object to check if this string starts with.

Returns: true if this string view starts with a toy::StringLike object, false otherwise.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; If a toy::StringLike object is empty, this method returns true.; If a toy::StringLike object is longer than this string view, returns false.

◆ swap()

void toy::CStringView::swap ( CStringView & string )

constexprnoexcept

Swaps the contents of this string view with another string view.

This method exchanges the contents of this string view with another string view of the same type. The operation is performed efficiently by swapping the internal data information.

Parameters

string The string view to swap contents with.

Postcondition: This string view contains the contents that were in other string.; The other string view contains the contents that were in this string.

Note: Self-swap is handled correctly and safely (no-op).

◆ utf8_size()

size_t toy::CStringView::utf8_size ( ) const

inlinenodiscardnoexcept

Returns the size of the Unicode string in UTF-8 encoding.

This method returns the number of Unicode characters in the UTF-8 encoded string, excluding the terminating null character. For ASCII strings, this value equals the size() method. For UTF-8 encoded strings, this method counts the number of Unicode characters rather than bytes. The method validates UTF-8 encoding and counts only complete, well-formed Unicode characters.

Returns: The number of Unicode characters in the string view, excluding the terminating null character.

Note: For ASCII strings, utf8_size() equals size().; For UTF-8 strings, utf8_size() may be less than size().; Invalid UTF-8 sequences are handled gracefully and may affect the count.; This method is useful for internationalization and text processing.

◆ operator<=> [1/5]

strong_ordering operator<=>	(	const char *	lhs,
		const CStringView &	rhs )

friend

Three-way comparison operator for C string and CStringView.

This operator provides a three-way comparison between a C string and a CStringView object. It returns a strong_ordering value that indicates the relationship between the strings.

Parameters

lhs	The C string to compare.
rhs	The CStringView object to compare.

Returns: strong_ordering::less if lhs is lexicographically less than rhs, strong_ordering::equal if they are equal, or strong_ordering::greater if lhs is lexicographically greater than rhs.

Precondition: The lhs pointer must not be null.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; The comparison is performed lexicographically character by character.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator==(const char *, const CStringView &)

◆ operator<=> [2/5]

strong_ordering operator<=>	(	const CStringView &	lhs,
		const char *	rhs )

friend

Three-way comparison operator for CStringView and C string.

This operator provides a three-way comparison between a CStringView object and a C string. It returns a strong_ordering value that indicates the relationship between the strings.

Parameters

lhs	The CStringView object to compare.
rhs	The C string to compare.

Returns: strong_ordering::less if lhs is lexicographically less than rhs, strong_ordering::equal if they are equal, or strong_ordering::greater if lhs is lexicographically greater than rhs.

Precondition: The rhs pointer must not be null.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; The comparison is performed lexicographically character by character.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator==(const CStringView &, const char *)

◆ operator<=> [3/5]

strong_ordering operator<=>	(	const CStringView &	lhs,
		const CStringView &	rhs )

friend

Three-way comparison operator for two CStringView objects.

This operator provides a three-way comparison between two CStringView objects. It returns a strong_ordering value that indicates the relationship between the string views.

Parameters

lhs	The left-hand side CStringView object to compare.
rhs	The right-hand side CStringView object to compare.

Returns: strong_ordering::less if lhs is lexicographically less than rhs, strong_ordering::equal if they are equal, or strong_ordering::greater if lhs is lexicographically greater than rhs.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; The comparison is performed lexicographically character by character.; Empty string views are considered equal.

See also: operator==(const CStringView &, const CStringView &)

◆ operator<=> [4/5]

template<StringLike stringType>

strong_ordering operator<=>	(	const CStringView &	lhs,
		const stringType &	rhs )

friend

Three-way comparison operator for CStringView and toy::StringLike object.

This operator provides a three-way comparison between a CStringView object and a toy::StringLike object. It returns a strong_ordering value that indicates the relationship between the strings.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the toy::StringLike object. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

lhs	The CStringView object to compare.
rhs	The toy::StringLike object to compare.

Returns: strong_ordering::less if lhs is lexicographically less than rhs, strong_ordering::equal if they are equal, or strong_ordering::greater if lhs is lexicographically greater than rhs.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; The comparison is performed lexicographically character by character.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator==(const CStringView &, const stringType &)

◆ operator<=> [5/5]

template<StringLike stringType>

strong_ordering operator<=>	(	const stringType &	lhs,
		const CStringView &	rhs )

friend

Three-way comparison operator for toy::StringLike object and CStringView.

This operator provides a three-way comparison between a toy::StringLike object and a CStringView object. It returns a strong_ordering value that indicates the relationship between the strings.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the toy::StringLike object. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

lhs	The toy::StringLike object to compare.
rhs	The CStringView object to compare.

Returns: strong_ordering::less if lhs is lexicographically less than rhs, strong_ordering::equal if they are equal, or strong_ordering::greater if lhs is lexicographically greater than rhs.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; The comparison is performed lexicographically character by character.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator==(const stringType &, const CStringView &)

◆ operator== [1/5]

bool operator==	(	const char *	lhs,
		const CStringView &	rhs )

friend

Equality comparison operator for C string and CStringView.

This operator compares a C string with a CStringView object for equality.

Parameters

lhs	The C string.
rhs	The CStringView object.

Returns: true if both strings have the same content, false otherwise.

Precondition: The lhs pointer must not be null.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator<=>(const char *, const CStringView &)

◆ operator== [2/5]

bool operator==	(	const CStringView &	lhs,
		const char *	rhs )

friend

Equality comparison operator for CStringView and C string.

This operator compares a CStringView object with a C string for equality.

Parameters

lhs	The CStringView object.
rhs	The C string.

Returns: true if both strings have the same content, false otherwise.

Precondition: The rhs pointer must not be null.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator<=>(const CStringView &, const char *)

◆ operator== [3/5]

bool operator==	(	const CStringView &	lhs,
		const CStringView &	rhs )

friend

Equality comparison operator for two CStringView objects.

This operator compares two CStringView objects for equality. The comparison is performed character by character.

Parameters

lhs	The left-hand side CStringView object.
rhs	The right-hand side CStringView object.

Returns: true if both strings view have the same content, false otherwise.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; Empty string views are considered equal.

See also: operator<=>(const CStringView &, const CStringView &)

◆ operator== [4/5]

template<StringLike stringType>

bool operator==	(	const CStringView &	lhs,
		const stringType &	rhs )

friend

Equality comparison operator for CStringView and toy::StringLike object.

This operator compares a CStringView object with a toy::StringLike object for equality.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the toy::StringLike object. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

lhs	The CStringView object.
rhs	The toy::StringLike object.

Returns: true if both strings have the same content, false otherwise.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator<=>(const CStringView &, const stringType &)

◆ operator== [5/5]

template<StringLike stringType>

bool operator==	(	const stringType &	lhs,
		const CStringView &	rhs )

friend

Equality comparison operator for toy::StringLike object and CStringView.

This operator compares a toy::StringLike object with a CStringView object for equality.

Template Parameters

stringType The type of the toy::StringLike object. Must satisfy the toy::StringLike concept.

Parameters

lhs	The toy::StringLike object.
rhs	The CStringView object.

Returns: true if both strings have the same content, false otherwise.

Note: The comparison is case-sensitive.; Empty strings are considered equal.

See also: operator<=>(const stringType &, const CStringView &)

Member Data Documentation

◆ _data

const char* toy::CStringView::_data

private

Pointer to the wrapped C string.

◆ _emptyString

char toy::CStringView::_emptyString[] {'\0'}

staticconstexprprivate

Static empty C string used as default value for null pointers.

◆ npos

size_t toy::CStringView::npos = size_t(-1)

staticconstexpr

The special value, its exact meaning depends on the context.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

include/core/c_string_view.hpp
include/core/c_string_view.inl

Public Member Functions

Static Public Attributes

Private Member Functions

Private Attributes

Static Private Attributes

Friends

Detailed Description

Key Features

Usage Example

Performance Characteristics

Safety Guarantees

Compatibility

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ CStringView() [1/2]

◆ CStringView() [2/2]

◆ ~CStringView()

Member Function Documentation

◆ _find_first_not_of_raw()

◆ _find_first_of_raw()

◆ _find_last_not_of_raw()

◆ _find_last_of_raw()

◆ _find_raw()

◆ _rfind_raw()

◆ assign() [1/2]

◆ assign() [2/2]

◆ at()

◆ back()

◆ c_str()

◆ capacity()

◆ clear()

◆ compare() [1/2]

◆ compare() [2/2]

◆ contains() [1/3]

◆ contains() [2/3]

◆ contains() [3/3]

◆ data()

◆ empty()

◆ ends_with() [1/3]

◆ ends_with() [2/3]

◆ ends_with() [3/3]

◆ explicit()

◆ find() [1/3]

◆ find() [2/3]

◆ find() [3/3]

◆ find_first_not_of() [1/3]

◆ find_first_not_of() [2/3]

◆ find_first_not_of() [3/3]

◆ find_first_of() [1/3]

◆ find_first_of() [2/3]

◆ find_first_of() [3/3]

◆ find_last_not_of() [1/3]

◆ find_last_not_of() [2/3]

◆ find_last_not_of() [3/3]

◆ find_last_of() [1/3]

◆ find_last_of() [2/3]

◆ find_last_of() [3/3]

◆ front()

◆ length()

◆ max_size()

◆ operator=() [1/2]

◆ operator=() [2/2]

◆ operator[]()

◆ rfind() [1/3]

◆ rfind() [2/3]

◆ rfind() [3/3]

◆ size()

◆ starts_with() [1/3]

◆ starts_with() [2/3]

◆ starts_with() [3/3]

◆ swap()

◆ utf8_size()

Friends And Related Symbol Documentation

◆ operator<=> [1/5]

◆ operator<=> [2/5]

◆ operator<=> [3/5]

◆ operator<=> [4/5]

◆ operator<=> [5/5]

◆ operator== [1/5]

◆ operator== [2/5]

◆ operator== [3/5]